PROTECTION
The government made no progress in its efforts to identify or protect trafficking victims. With the exception of a female Algerian victim identified in the only prosecuted trafficking

case from December 2014, the government did not report identifying other trafficking victims during the reporting period. It also did not develop or employ systematic procedures for the identification of trafficking victims among vulnerable populations, such as undocumented migrants and foreign women arrested for prostitution. Because of a lack of identification procedures, authorities reported difficulty identifying victims among large, close-knit migrant populations. In September 2014, an NGO referred to the government a potential forced labor case involving 19Vietnamese nationals forced to work on a Chinese-contracted construction site; however, it is unclear if the police ever referred the individuals for any type of protection services. Government officials relied on victims to self-report abuses to authorities; however, NGOs reported trafficking victims among the migrant populations did not report potential trafficking crimes to the police for fear of arrest and deportation. Civil society organizations reported police frequently arrested and temporarily jailed trafficking victims for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of being subjected to human trafficking, such as engaging in prostitution or lacking legal immigration status. The government did not provide protective services, including shelter, to trafficking victims, nor did it have a formal mechanism to refer potential victims to protection services operated by civil society groups or NGOs. The government encouraged trafficking victims to participate in investigations or prosecutions of trafficking offenders. It is unclear if the government provided foreign victims with legal alternatives to their removal to countries where they faced retribution or hardship.

PREVENTION
The government made no progress in its efforts to prevent human trafficking. While the government’s inter-ministerial committee continued to meet monthly, it failed to take tangible anti-trafficking efforts, and some government officials continued to deny human trafficking existed in Algeria. Furthermore, the government did not conduct anti-trafficking public awareness or educational campaigns, and it did not attempt to forge effective anti-trafficking partnerships with civil society organizations. The government did not report taking measures to reduce the demand for child sex tourism among Algerians traveling abroad. The government took actions to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts, but it is unclear if it made efforts to reduce the demand for forced labor.The government did not provide anti-trafficking training or guidance for its diplomatic personnel.

ANGOLA:  Tier 2 
Angola is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor. Angolans are forced to labor in the agricultural, fishing, construction, domestic service, and artisanal diamond mining sectors within the country. Chinese nationals in Angola exploit Angolan children in brick- making factories, construction, and rice farming activities. Girls as young as 13 years old endure prostitution. Angolan adults use children under the age of 12 for forced criminal activity, as children cannot be criminally prosecuted. Some Angolan boys are taken to Namibia for forced labor in cattle herding, while others are forced to serve as couriers as part of a scheme to skirt import fees in cross-border trade with Namibia. Angolan women and children are subjected to domestic servitude and sex slavery in South Africa, Namibia, and European countries, including the Netherlands and Portugal.

Women from Vietnam, Brazil, and potentially other countries involved in prostitution in Angola may be victims of sex trafficking. Some Chinese women are recruited by Chinese gangs and construction companies with promises of work, but later are deprived of their passports, kept in walled compounds with armed guards, and forced into prostitution to pay back the costs of their travel. Chinese, Southeast Asian, Namibian, Kenyan, and possibly Congolese migrants are subjected to forced labor in Angola’s construction industry; conditions include the withholding of passports, threats of violence, denial of food, and confinement. At times, workers are coerced to continue work in unsafe conditions, which at times reportedly resulted in death. Chinese workers are brought to Angola by Chinese companies that have large construction or mining contracts; some companies do not disclose the terms and conditions of the work at the time of recruitment. Undocumented Congolese migrants, including children, enter Angola for work in diamond-mining districts, where some endure forced labor or sex trafficking in mining camps.Trafficking networks recruit and transport Congolese girls as young as 12 years old from Kasai Occidental in the Democratic Republic of Congo to Angola for various forms of exploitation.
The Government of Angola does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. During the reporting period, the government demonstrated increased interest in trafficking in persons issues and made efforts to improve its capacity to address the crime. In 2014, the government acceded to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol and established the Inter-Ministerial Commission to CombatTrafficking in Persons—both noteworthy accomplishments. The government increased its training and capacity-building among officials by holding several seminars, roundtables, and workshops, reaching over 400 officials, and conducted awareness campaigns in government media. During the year, the government shared increased information on its efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking crimes, reporting its investigation of 18 suspected trafficking cases, five of which it sent for prosecution. The government maintained its modest protection efforts, identifying 17 potential child trafficking victims during the year. Nonetheless, it made inadequate efforts to identify and provide protective services to adult victims. In addition, the government has never convicted a trafficking offender, despite years of ongoing reports of construction companies engaged in forced labor. While it investigated the owner of a construction company in 2014, the government did not systematically investigate abuses in the Angolan construction sector or prosecute and hold accountable those allegedly responsible for forced labor of both Angolan and foreign nationals.

RECOMMENDATIONS  FOR ANGOLA:
Use revised penal code provisions to investigate and prosecute forced labor and sex trafficking offenses; continue to train law enforcement officials on these provisions; systematically investigate labor trafficking in the Angolan construction sector; develop

systematic procedures for the identification and referral of trafficking victims and train officials on such procedures; ensure provision of shelter, counseling, and medical care to both child and adult victims either directly or in partnership with NGOs; collect and analyze anti-trafficking law enforcement data; and organize nationwide anti-trafficking  public  awareness campaigns.