consultation with the Department of Justice. Under Hong Kong law, trafficking victims can be punished for committing immigration violations, and NGOs reported victims often plead guilty to this charge to be deported expeditiously. Officials reported having a policy in place to encourage victims to participate in the investigation and prosecution of traffickers. However, they did not allow victims to work while participating in trials that were sometimes lengthy, thus deterring victims from cooperating with authorities. As a result, many victims opted to repatriate immediately or were deported. In 2014, immigration officials issued 2,179 visa extensions to former foreign domestic workers during ongoing legal proceedings in Hong Kong, but it was unclear how many involved cases of labor exploitation. Hong Kong does not specifically allow for permanent residency status for cases in which repatriation may constitute a risk of hardship or retribution in the victim’s home country.

PREVENTION
The government made modest efforts to prevent trafficking. It did not formally adopt or implement the national plan of action to combat trafficking drafted in 2013. Authorities continued to distribute anti-trafficking pamphlets in five languages and information packets to foreign domestic workers at the airport and immigration and labor department offices.These information packages describe foreign domestic workers’ rights, explain their employers’ obligations under Hong Kong law, and provide contact information for relevant government offices. Authorities also conducted publicity campaigns using radio, newspaper, and leaflets to remind employers of their legal obligations to their domestic workers. Labor officials conducted inspections of approximately 1,300 employment agencies but revoked the licenses of only three, despite NGO and media reports of employment agencies violating regulations by charging exorbitant recruitment fees, requiring domestic workers to make deposits as a guarantee to work, and confiscating employees’ identification documents.The government made some efforts to reduce the demand for commercial sex through school sex education programs but reported no efforts to reduce the demand for forced labor. It reported no efforts to prevent or combat child sex tourism of Hong Kong residents in mainland China or other foreign countries.The government did not provide anti-trafficking training or guidance for its personnel posted abroad.

HUNGARY:  Tier 2 
Hungary is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking. Vulnerable groups include Hungarians in extreme poverty, Roma, unaccompanied asylum seekers, and homeless men.Women and children, particularly Roma, are subjected to sex trafficking within the country and abroad, mostly within Europe—with particularly high numbers estimated in the Netherlands and Switzerland.A large number of Hungarian sex trafficking victims exploited within the country and abroad, especially Roma, come from state-provided childcare institutions and correctional facilities; many of them are underage and recruited by traffickers while living in such facilities or soon after leaving. Hungarian women lured into sham marriages to third-country nationals within Europe are reportedly subjected to forced prostitution. Hungarian men and women are subjected to forced labor domestically and abroad, including in the United Kingdom (UK), the Netherlands, other European countries, and

North America. There are strong indicators labor trafficking of Hungarian men in Western Europe has intensified in sectors such as agriculture, construction, and in factories. Hungarians constituted 18 percent of total victims identified in trafficking investigations by EUROPOL between 2009 and 2013.Trafficking victims from Eastern European countries transit Hungary en route to Western Europe. During the year, the government identified six Chinese women as trafficking victims.Within the country, Hungarian Romani children are exploited in forced begging, child sex trafficking, and forced petty crime; experts report Hungary is a destination country for foreign children, mainly from Romania, exploited in these forms of trafficking.
The Government of Hungary does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. Authorities maintained efforts to investigate trafficking cases and increased funds to NGOs that could shelter victims. Data collection on trafficking remained problematic and the number of reported prosecutions and convictions decreased from the previous year. Shortcomings in security and services at state care institutes for children remained widespread, resulting in high vulnerability of children under state protection during or after their time in these facilities. Victim assistance remained weak, and funding for anti-trafficking efforts remained inadequate.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HUNGARY:
Increase funding for and provision of specialized victim services and provide consistent funding to NGOs to offer victim care; address the vulnerability of children residing in state-run child institutions and individuals who leave these institutions; bring the anti-trafficking law in line with international law by more precisely defining exploitation and requiring fraud, force, or coercion as elements of the core offense of adult trafficking; increase proactive identification of and assistance for child victims exploited within Hungary; strengthen law enforcement efforts against all forms of trafficking; bolster protection for victims who face serious harm and retribution from their traffickers, including by developing longer-term care options to improve reintegration; enhance the collection and reporting of reliable law enforcement and victim protection data; and increase victim-centered training of law enforcement, prosecutors, and social workers.

PROSECUTION
The government maintained law enforcement efforts against human trafficking, though data on these efforts was unreliable and efforts to address sex and labor trafficking of children appeared to remain weak. Article 192 of the 2013 criminal code criminalizes many forms of human trafficking, but is overly broad because it does not require the use of force, the threat of force, or fraud to prove the basic offense of trafficking in persons, instead making force, the threat of force, or fraud aggravated elements resulting in enhanced penalties under Article 192(3). The law defines