long-term residency visas. In most cases, however, foreign victims chose to return to their home country rather than stay through the lengthy investigation and trial period.Victims had the right to seek compensation from their traffickers, but no victim has ever sought restitution to date.

PREVENTION
The government increased efforts to prevent trafficking. It issued a revised national plan of action and established a ministerial-level committee chaired by the Chief Cabinet Secretary to oversee the implementation of the revised plan.The plan outlined efforts to reform the TITP, train frontline officers, and improve protection and assistance for trafficking victims. Authorities did not specify budget allocations or a time frame to implement the plan. As part of the plan’s implementation, the government conducted a comprehensive review of the TITP and drafted a reform bill submitted to the Diet in March 2015.The reform bill establishes a third-party entity to conduct management audits, an oversight mechanism to hold perpetrators accountable for crimes of forced labor, and a redress mechanism for foreign migrants, and designates responsible ministries.The government continued to advertise the multilingual emergency contact hotline number at local immigration offices and governments of source countries, conduct online trafficking awareness campaigns, and publicize trafficking arrests to raise awareness.The MOJ banned 22 supervising organizations and 218 implementing organizations from receiving TITP interns in 2014.The Japan International Trade Cooperation Organization, a government entity designated to monitor the TITP, conducted employer visits and trainings, operated a hotline for TITP interns, and distributed the TITP workers’ handbooks in six languages.
In an effort to reduce demand for commercial sex, the Cabinet Office continued to distribute posters, leaflets, and passport inserts nationwide with warning messages to potential consumers of sexual services. Japan is a source of demand for child sex tourism, with Japanese men traveling and engaging in commercial sexual exploitation of children in other Asian countries—particularly Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, the Philippines, and, to a lesser extent, Mongolia; the government did not investigate or prosecute anyone for child sex tourism.The NPA hosted a conference on commercial sexual exploitation of children in Southeast Asia in December 2014, during which officials shared case details withThai, Cambodian, Philippine, and Indonesian police counterparts. The government provided anti-trafficking training for troops prior to their deployment abroad on international peacekeeping missions and for its diplomatic personnel. Japan is the only G-7 country that is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol.

JORDAN: Tier 2 
Jordan is a source, destination, and transit country for adults and children subjected to forced labor and, to a lesser extent, sex trafficking.Women from Southeast Asia and East Africa voluntarily migrate to Jordan for employment among the estimated 50,000 foreign domestic workers in the country; some domestic workers are subjected to forced labor. Many of these workers are unable to return to their home countries due to pending criminal charges against them or due to their inability to pay overstay penalties or plane fare home. Some migrant workers from Egypt—the largest source of foreign labor in Jordan—experience forced labor in the construction, service, and agricultural sectors. Syrians may face

forced labor in the agricultural sector, while some refugee children are subjected to the worst forms of child labor. Men and women from throughout Asia migrate to work in factories in Jordan’s garment industry where some workers experience forced labor. Jordan’s sponsorship system places a significant amount of power in the hands of employers and recruitment agencies, preventing workers from switching employers or receiving adequate access to legal recourse in response to abuse. Some Sri Lankan women engaged in prostitution in the country may be trafficking victims.
An increasing number of Syrian refugees—particularly women and children—work illegally and informally in the Jordanian economy, which puts them at risk of trafficking.There is a reported increase in Syrian refugee children working alongside their families in shops and marketplaces in cities and the agricultural sector, as well as peddling goods and begging. According to media reports, some Syrian refugee women and girls endure sex trafficking. In early 2014, an international organization reported a case of a Syrian woman whose Syrian husband forced her into prostitution in a nightclub in Jordan. Jordanian law enforcement, NGOs, and the media reported some instances of Syrian refugee women and girls being sold into “temporary” or forced marriages to Jordanians and men from the Gulf for the purpose of prostitution. Syrian, Lebanese, North African, and Eastern European women may be forced into prostitution after migrating to Jordan to work in restaurants and nightclubs; some Jordanian women working in nightclubs may also be forced into prostitution. Some out-of-status domestic workers from Indonesia, the Philippines, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka are reportedly forced into prostitution after fleeing their employers. Jordanian children employed within the country as mechanics, agricultural laborers, and beggars may be victims of forced labor. There are reports of organized child begging rings involving Jordanian, Syrian, and Egyptian children. Some Jordanian girls are forced to drop out of school to perform domestic service in their families’ homes.
The Government of Jordan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. During the year, the government substantially increased efforts to prosecute and convict trafficking offenders, and continued to identify and refer to protection services an increased number of trafficking victims. Authorities also increased referrals of trafficking victims to a government-run shelter for gender-based violence (GBV) victims; as of early 2014, this shelter provided specific care for trafficking victims. Furthermore, in March 2015, the government completed construction of a shelter dedicated exclusively to trafficking victims, and was in the process of equipping and staffing the facility at the end of the reporting period; it was also in the process of drafting a national victim referral mechanism at the end of the reporting period.Though the government improved its law enforcement and victim identification and referral efforts, it did not systematically investigate potential cases of trafficking that involved withholding of passports and wages.Trafficking victims—particularly domestic workers who ran away from abusive employers—continued to face arrest and imprisonment.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JORDAN:
Continue to increase efforts to prosecute, convict, and punish trafficking offenses with adequate jail time under the anti-trafficking law; investigate and punish individuals for withholding workers’ passports under Jordan’s passport law; continue to proactively identify trafficking victims, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as detained foreign migrants, domestic workers, children and women in prostitution, and Syrian refugees; implement standardized referral procedures for authorities to promptly refer identified victims to protection services; make the newly constructed trafficking shelter fully operational, and adequately train staff to provide care specifically for trafficking victims at both the new trafficking shelter and the GBV shelter; ensure identified victims are not punished for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of being subjected to human trafficking, such as immigration or prostitution violations or escaping from an abusive employer; issue regulations governing work in the agricultural sector; and continue to implement anti-trafficking awareness  campaigns.