services related to their trafficking victimization. Staff prevented both adults and children from leaving shelters unaccompanied, reportedly for security reasons. DSD staff monitored victims’ well-being, prepared them for court, and accompanied them throughout the trial and repatriation processes. Rapid-response teams comprised of government agencies and NGOs in Gauteng, Western Cape, and KZN continued to coordinate protective services, including shelter, for victims. DSD, which is responsible for designating and certifying trafficking victim status, continued to accept victims from law enforcement and coordinate their placement in a registered shelter; however, not all officials are aware of their responsibility to refer victims to DSD in practice.
DSD developed formal procedures to identify and refer trafficking victims to care, though these were not put into effect.The KZN and Western Cape provincial Task Teams used an interagency protocol to guide law enforcement interactions with women in prostitution. Nonetheless, law enforcement generally failed to screen women and LGBT persons in prostitution for trafficking indicators, often charging them with prostitution and other violations.The government’s longstanding focus on implementing immigration law tended to overshadow victim identification.The government did not identify trafficking victims among seamen docked in the Port of Cape Town. Male labor trafficking victims remained largely unidentified and were more likely to be detained, deported, jailed or fined.
Systemic hurdles inhibited progress in providing justice and protection for victims. A lack of language interpretation impeded the investigation of trafficking cases, prosecution of suspected offenders, and screening of victims. The government’s failure to provide adequate security for victims at places of safety inhibited some organizations from accepting victims. Drug treatment programs—necessary for trafficking victims made addicted to drugs as part of their coercion—were inadequate in South Africa; however, in 2014, DSD began construction of its first detoxification facility, part of its plan to build one in each province by 2017. Officials encouraged victims to participate in the investigation and prosecution of traffickers and, at times, provided security and long-term care to foreign victims who did so. The government granted temporary residency to five child victims in 2014, but current South African law does not provide legal alternatives for victims to avoid deportation to countries where they may face hardship or retribution. Law enforcement reported being unable to place suspected victims in shelters if victims failed to provide evidence of force, fraud, or coercion immediately after their rescue, leaving DSD unable to immediately classify persons as victims of trafficking.This is a systemic obstacle to recognizing the emotional trauma that victims have endured—and, at times, there was significant delay in a victim’s placement at facilities. Suspected criminals could only be held for 48 hours without evidence, and many traumatized victims were unable or unwilling to provide statements within that time frame, leading to the release of suspected offenders.

PREVENTION
The government increased efforts to prevent trafficking. The DOJ/VSD coordinated efforts to prepare for the eventual implementation of the PACOTIP and continued provision of essential funding for local awareness and training events. DOJ/VSD organized two nationwide coordination meetings and worked with interdepartmental stakeholders and civil society partners to assess progress on implementation of the updated national

action plan. However, inter-ministerial and operational cooperation was ineffective, hindering the completion of regulations and, at times, stymieing prosecutions.The government remained without a formal mechanism to monitor the effectiveness of its anti- trafficking efforts; once activated, the PACOTIP will require annual reports from implementing departments. DOJ/VSD supported awareness-raising efforts, including an information kiosk at O.R. Tambo International Airport for passengers and airport staff on identifying trafficking victims.The government allocated 2.7 million rand ($270,000) to anti-trafficking training and awareness-raising during the 2013-2014 fiscal years.The NPA continued to serve as the government’s law enforcement lead, providing oversight of six provincial task teams coordinated through its Inter-Sectoral Task Team (ISTT) and provincial task teams. Various task teams undertook awareness-raising; for example, in KZN, the provincial task team conducted 18 awareness-raising sessions for students, reaching over 1,200 primary school students. NPA, DOJ, SAPS, and Thuthuzela staff held 20 awareness-raising sessions at high schools.
In March 2014, Parliament passed amendments to the 2012 Employment Services bill, which was awaiting presidential assent at the end of the reporting period.Though the bill does not ban labor brokers, it requires DOL to license and regulate private employment agencies and prohibits those agencies from charging fees for their services unless explicitly authorized by the labor minister. DOL conducted inspections of farms in the Limpopo region in 2014 to ensure workers were not victims of forced labor or other violations; as a result, the government fined 10 farmers for underpaying workers, but failed to investigate such abuses as potential forced labor crimes.The government began prosecution of at least four clients of a sex trafficking victim, but did not take any other known action to reduce the demand for commercial sex or make efforts to minimize the demand for forced labor. The government did not provide anti-trafficking training to its peacekeepers prior to their deployment abroad on international peacekeeping missions. In partnership with an international organization, in 2014 the government provided anti-trafficking training for 70 diplomatic personnel.

SOUTH SUDAN:  Tier 3 
South Sudan is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking. South Sudanese women and girls, particularly those from rural areas or who are internally displaced, are vulnerable to domestic servitude in Yei, Bor,Wau,Torit, Nimule, Juba, and elsewhere in the country. Some of these women and girls are sexually abused by male occupants of the household or forced to engage in commercial sex acts. South Sudanese girls, some as young as 10 years old, are subjected to sex trafficking in restaurants, hotels, and brothels in urban centers—at times with the involvement of corrupt law enforcement officials. Child prostitution remains a problem. Children working in construction, market vending, shoe shining, car washing, rock breaking, brick making, delivery cart pulling, and begging may be victims of forced labor. Girls as young as 9 years old in Eastern Equatoria state were forced into marriages, at times as compensation for inter-clan killings; some may have been subsequently subjected to sexual slavery or domestic servitude.
Women and girls from Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo migrate willingly to South Sudan with the promise of legitimate work and are subjected to