PROTECTION
The government’s efforts to identify and protect trafficking victims remained insufficient. In 2014, the government did not report attempting to identify or proactively identifying victims, including those within vulnerable populations such as irregular migrants and refugees encountered by officials through the government’s migrant regularization program. International organizations and NGOs, however, independently identified victims among these populations during the year. As part of its regularization program in 2014, the government issued residence permits and granted access to government services, such as education, health, and employment assistance, for irregular migrants and refugees. Nonetheless, there was no evidence of government services designed specifically to assist trafficking victims or funding allocations for this purpose.The government also did not report providing care for repatriated Moroccan trafficking victims.  While the government made services

available to women and child victims of violence, through its Ministry of Justice and child reception centers, it did not report on the use of these services by trafficking victims. The government relied heavily on NGOs and charitable organizations to provide protective services to victims, with limited funding or in-kind support. However, NGOs and international organizations reported having an active working relationship with local law enforcement officials, who reportedly referred cases of at-risk children—some of whom may be trafficking victims—to protection services. In addition, in 2014, the Ministry of Moroccans Resident Abroad and Migration Affairs announced it signed partnership agreements with 25 civil society organizations to provide urgent humanitarian services to vulnerable migrant populations, including potential trafficking victims. The government reportedly encouraged victims to provide testimony in the investigation against traffickers and Decree No. 1-11-164 provided greater protections to victims and witnesses that testify against traffickers; however, it did not provide evidence that any victims testified in 2014.
The government failed to protect trafficking victims from prosecution for crimes committed as a direct result of being subjected to human trafficking. NGOs, foreign embassies, and civil society groups reported that, although government raids on migrant communities in the north and refoulements to Algeria decreased in 2014, authorities continued to round up, arrest, detain, and deport illegal foreign migrants, including trafficking victims. Moroccan authorities did not make efforts to identify potential trafficking victims among those arrested and deported; rather, authorities often treated primarily male foreign victims as illegal migrants. Furthermore, in 2014, the media, international organizations, and civil society frequently reported violence—from forcible deportation to loss of life—against sub-Saharan migrants, including potential trafficking victims, at the hands of both Moroccan and Spanish authorities along the borders of the Spanish enclaves of Melilla and Ceuta.The government provided legal alternatives to the removal of foreign victims of trafficking to countries where they might face retribution or hardship.

PREVENTION
The government made some progress in preventing human trafficking. In December 2014, the government adopted a national strategy on migration and asylum, which included anti-trafficking measures.The government also developed a national anti-trafficking action plan, which included commitments to finalize and adopt an anti-trafficking law, develop victim protection measures, provide anti-trafficking training for officials, and invest in prevention campaigns. In 2014, the government did not hold anti-trafficking awareness campaigns; however, in coordination with an international organization, it began conducting a study of human trafficking in Morocco. While the Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs conducted 312 labor inspections and identified hundreds of child laborers in the first quarter of 2014, inspectors did not identify trafficking victims among this group. Inspectors continued to be hindered by inadequate staffing and did not have the legal authority to enter homes, preventing them from identifying children or adults in domestic servitude.The government reported conducting an unknown number of inspections of private employment agencies that failed to follow employment regulations, but it did not provide information on the outcomes of such inspections. The government took measures to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts and child sex tourism through its “Integrated Public Policy for the Protection of Children,” which aims to improve the legal framework on child protection to include implementing criminal

penalties for the sexual solicitation of children online and sexual tourism. In addition, the government continued to work with the tourism industry to prevent sexual exploitation of children.The government reportedly provided its diplomatic personnel human rights training, which included sections on labor law and human trafficking issues.The government provided training on the issue of sexual exploitation, but not specifically of human trafficking, to Moroccan soldiers prior to their deployment abroad on UN peacekeeping missions.

MOZAMBIQUE:  Tier 2 
Mozambique is a source, transit, and, to a lesser extent, destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking. The use of forced child labor is common in agriculture and market vending in rural areas, often with the complicity of family members.Women and girls from rural areas, lured to cities in Mozambique or South Africa with promises of employment or education, are exploited in domestic servitude and sex trafficking. Mozambican girls are exploited in prostitution in bars, roadside clubs, overnight stopping points, and restaurants along the southern transport corridor that links Maputo, Swaziland, and South Africa. Child prostitution is increasing in Maputo, Beira, Chimoio, and Nacala, which have highly mobile populations and large numbers of truck drivers. As workers and economic migrants seek employment in the growing extractive industries in Tete and Cabo Delgado, they increase the demand for sexual services, potentially including child prostitution.Women and girls from neighboring countries voluntarily migrate to Mozambique and subsequently endure sex trafficking or domestic servitude. Mozambican men and boys are subjected to forced labor on South African farms and mines, or as street vendors, where they often labor for months without pay under coercive conditions before being turned over to police for deportation as illegal migrants. Mozambican boys migrate to Swaziland to wash cars, herd livestock, and sell goods; some subsequently become victims of forced labor. Mozambican adults and girls are subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking in Angola, Italy, and Portugal. Mozambican or South African trafficking networks are typically informal; larger Chinese and Nigerian trafficking syndicates are reportedly also active in Mozambique. South Asian people smugglers who move undocumented South Asian migrants throughout Africa reportedly transport trafficking victims through Mozambique. Reports allege traffickers bribe officials to move victims within the country and across national borders to South Africa and Swaziland, and prison officials force women to provide sex acts in exchange for provisions.
The Government of Mozambique does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. The government sponsored the establishment of coordinating bodies, known as “reference groups,” in three additional provinces and reported its investigation of 27 trafficking cases.The government reported maintenance of strong law enforcement efforts, prosecuting 44 suspected traffickers and convicting 32—a continued increase from 24 convicted in 2013 and 23 in 2012. However, the government did not finalize its national action plan or the implementing regulations for the 2008 anti-trafficking law. Furthermore, the government did not report its identification or protection of victims during the year. Despite enactment of a victim protection law and development of a referral mechanism for victims of all crimes in 2012, the